There are several methods for textile printing, of which two are commercially important printing methods: screen printing and roller printing. The third method is thermal transfer printing, which is relatively less important. Other printing methods that are rarely used in textile production are: wood formwork printing, wax enamel (ie wax proof) printing, yarn tie-dye printing and anti-dye printing. Many textile printing plants use screen printing and roller printing to print fabrics. Most thermal transfer printing by printing plants is also printed in this way.
First, screen printing
Screen printing includes the preparation of printing screens, printing screens (screens used in the printing process used to be made of fine silk, the process is called screen printing. Although silk screens are no longer used, printing The name screen printing is still often used in the process.) It is made of fine mesh nylon, polyester or wire fabric that is tight on a wooden or metal frame. The screen fabric is coated with an opaque, non-porous film. At the pattern, the opaque film is removed, leaving a screen with fine mesh, which is the part where the pattern will be printed. Most commercial mesh fabrics are first coated with a photosensitive film, and then the film is removed by photographic method to reveal the pattern. A screen is placed on the fabric to be printed for printing. The printing paste is poured into a printed frame and forced through the mesh of the screen by a doctor blade (a tool similar to a wiper on a car windshield).
Each color in the print pattern requires a screen alone to print different colors. Example 3: The color printing requires 3 frames, and the 3 colors are printed on the fabric. In addition, the pattern of each color in the pattern must be accurately positioned on the screen so that the position of the pattern after printing is accurate, avoiding the phenomenon that the green stem of a rose is printed in the middle of the red petals. Print-to-flower refers to the industrial term for all pattern colors printed on fabrics.
There are three ways to achieve screen printing, and the application principle of each method is basically the same. The first is hand-screen printing, which was very common in the 1920s and is still widely used today. Until the mid-1950s, manual screen printing was the only method of screen printing before modern technology gave this process automation. The second method is called automatic screen printing (also known as flat screen printing and automatic flat screen printing). In the mid-1960s, with further development, the shape of the screen evolved from a manual and automatic flat net to a round net shape. The third method, called circular screen printing or rotary screen printing, is currently the most widely used screen printing method.
Second, manual screen printing
Manual screen printing is commercially produced on long plates (the platen is up to 60 yards long). The printed cloth roll is smoothly spread on the platen, and the surface of the platen is pre-coated with a small amount of viscous material. The printer then continuously moves the frame by hand along the entire platen, printing one frame at a time until the fabric is completely printed. Each frame corresponds to a printed color. This method is produced at a speed of 50-90 yards per hour. Commercial hand screen printing is also widely used to print sanctioned cut pieces. In the film printing process, the garment process and the printing process are arranged together. Customized or unique patterns are printed on the pieces before the pieces are sewn together. Because the hand screen printing can produce a large frame for the large flower back pattern, fabrics such as beach towels, novel printed aprons, curtains and shower curtains can also be printed by the printing method.
Hand screen printing is also used to print limited, highly fashionable women's clothing and to print small quantities for market launches.
Third, automatic screen printing
Automatic screen printing (or flat screen printing) is faster than the manual screen, except that the process is automated. The printed fabric is conveyed to the screen by a wide rubber band and is not placed on the bench (like a hand screen print). As with manual screen printing, automatic screen printing is also a batch rather than a continuous process. In this process, the fabric is moved under the screen, then stopped, and the screen scraper is used for scratching (automatic scraping). After the printing, the fabric continues to move under the next frame, and the production speed is about 500 yards per hour. . Automatic screen printing can only be used for whole rolls of fabric, and cut pieces are generally not printed in this way. As a commercial production process, the output of automatic screen printing (referred to as flat screen printing) is declining due to the preference for more efficient rotary screen printing.
Fourth, rotary screen printing
There are several important aspects of rotary screen printing that differ from other screen printing methods. The rotary screen printing, like the roller printing described in the next section, is a continuous process in which the printed fabric is conveyed through a wide rubber band underneath the moving circular cylinder. In screen printing, the production of rotary screen printing is the fastest, more than 3,500 yards per hour. Use a seamless perforated metal mesh or plastic mesh. The largest cylinder circumference is greater than 40 inches, so the maximum flower return size is also greater than 40 inches. More than 20 sets of color rotary screen printing machines have also been produced, and this printing method is slowly replacing the roller printing.
Five, roller printing
Roller printing is like a newspaper printing. It is a high-speed process that can produce more than 6,000 yards of printed fabric per hour. This method is also called mechanical printing. In roller printing, the pattern is printed on the fabric by engraving a copper roller (or roller). The copper drum can be engraved with very fine lines that are closely arranged, so that a very fine and soft pattern can be printed. For example, the fine, dense Pelisley vortex tweed print is a type of pattern printed by roller printing. The flower carve engraving should be exactly the same as the design of the graphic designer. Each flower color requires an engraving roller. (In the textile industry specific printing process, five-roll printing, six-roll printing, etc. are commonly used to represent five sets of color or six sets of color roller printing
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