Tourmaline is a gem in the market in recent years. Its mineral name is tourmaline. Its English name Tourmaline is derived from the ancient Sinhalese language Turmali. It means: mixed gems, this The name has a double meaning, one is that the color of the tourmaline is diverse, and the other is that the tourmaline has a complex and diverse chemical composition. Let us look at the legends and comebacks of the tourmaline in Chinese and Western cultures.
The tourmaline in Chinese cultural history:
The earliest record of the Chinese literature of the tourmaline is the Qing Dynasty classic "Shiya", among which there is a record of tourmaline. The book records the color characteristics of the tourmaline, but does not introduce the source of the tourmaline. This beautiful gem is in different books. The name is different. In the end, only "Bixi" was used once and it has become a universal name for people today. According to historical records, the Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing Dynasty liked the tourmaline very much. In her funeral objects, there was a pillow made of tourmaline and carved into a lotus flower and watermelon tourmaline with a weight of about 5,092 g. The value of the time was 750,000 two silver, but unfortunately. This artifact has been stolen and I have not known where to go.
The tourmaline in the history of Western culture:
In the Western legend, there is a clearer record of the origin of the tourmaline. In the day of 1703, a few children in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, played with the stones brought back from the distance by the Dutch voyagers. They were surprised that one of these stones could attract or reject. The power of light objects such as dust or grass clippings, and the discovery of these stones in addition to the strange colors appearing under the sun, the Dutch called him as an asbestos. The name of tourmaline was given by Western scientists. The real origin of this name was in 1768. A famous Swedish scientist, Linnes, discovered that the tourmaline was also piezoelectric and pyroelectric, which was named as tourmaline. Until now, tourmaline has been used scientifically to measure the change in luminous intensity and pressure.
The technical standards for identifying tourmaline are as follows:
Transparency: transparent
Gloss: glass luster
Crystalline and Photonic: Trigonal Crystal Axial Negative Light
Polarization: Heterogeneous
Polychromaticity: weak dichroism - strong
Refractive index: 1.624~1.644
Birefringence: 0.018, up to 0.040
Density: 3.06 (+0.20, -0.60) g/cm3
Mohs hardness: 7-7.5
UV fluorescence: only pink tourmalines have weak purple fluorescence and no other.
Other features: a linear gas-liquid inclusion. It has strong dichroism, ribbon, birefringence double shadow, and a large number of parallel fibers can be seen in some tourmalines.
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